Introduction
Mathematics is a subject that is considered difficult for most students. Difficulties experienced by students is an understanding of concepts. Sustainable concepts in mathematics between the new material with old material sometimes not understood by students. So if teachers teach new material, old material sometimes been forgotten by the students, but such materials are interrelated.
To overcome this problem needed good developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school.
Content
Developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school is really important, because with good developing and managing the teaching learning process would be a good and the purpose of teacing learning of mathematics will be achieved.
Here is the developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school :
1. Formal Document
Formal document start from the curriculum who made by Goverment of Indonesia (GOI). From Goverment of Indonesia, continued to provincial governments, distric, and school. Curriculum in Indonesia is KTSP, in that curriculum, the learning will be described details and materials through Standarad of competencies, Basic competencies, object, and indicators.
2. Approach/Design
Find innovative learning design is one way to make the students easier receive the lessons. Approach/design consist of constructivist, realistic mathematics, problem based lerning, cooperative, contextual learning.
3. Method
Developing and managing various method of teaching. Method of teaching learning is the way for a teacher tobe acceptable to raise the material to students well.
Some of teaching method are :
a. Lecture method
Lecture method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher is a center of the class and explain all of the material to the students.
b. Discussion method
Discussion method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher make same small group of the students and they discuss about some topic and they must present their task.
Discussion methods are effective in getting the trainees to think constructively while interacting with the rest of the group. Conduct discussions with large or small groups; however, small groups are more desirable. You can control and direct a small group more easily than you can larger groups of 10 or more trainees. If a group is extremely large, break it into smaller groups or teams with a discussion leader for each team. The use of the terms class discussion and directed discussion in this text refer to a method in which you direct and control the verbal exchange of the class. To use this method, first lay a suitable foundation for the discussion by asking one or more challenging questions. Then stimulate the trainees to discuss the basic questions; finally, guide the discussion to a logical conclusion.
c. Inquiry method
Inquiry can be considered a philosophical approach to teaching teaching any number of subjects, not just science or can be considered a mere method. In the background here, I will discuss the philosophy of inquiry, and in the method, show one step-by-step process for helping you to start your students carrying out their own inquiry activities.
Note the words I have avoided. I have not used the word “experiment”, or the word “laboratory”. A laboratory is a place where an experiment is carried out. A laboratory report is the record of that experiment. An experiment is a contrived situation in which one variable is tested against another. Although much of science research is carried out using experiments, other inquiries are not experiments.
d. E-Learning method
E-learning method is one of method of teaching learning where learning is done via internet, like blog, e-mail, facebook, twitter, other social network, and some refferences from internet.
e. Demonstrasion method
Demonstratasion method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher make demonstration about the topic
f. Presentation method
Presentation method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher present some topic with power point, flash animation, and video.
g. Teaching aid method
Teaching aid method is one of method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher use teaching aid to explain the topic, so the students will be easier to recive that topic.
h. Tutorial method
Tutorial method is one of method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher make same small group of the students, and in this group one of student explain the material to other member at that group.
i. Contextual / teaching learning practice
Contextual / teaching learning practice is one of method is one of method of teaching learning where the students adnd the tacher practice the material out of the class.
For example : measure tall the building
4. Teaching Materials
Teaching material consist of :
a. Lesson Plan
A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction for one class. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class instruction. Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher, subject being covered, and the need and curiosity of children. There may be requirements mandated by the school system regarding the plan.
Many formats for a lesson plan :
1. Title of lesson.
2. The teachers should determine the topics to be studied today.
3. Time required to complete the lesson.
4. List the teaching materials.
5. Formulate learning objective.
6. Choose the method of teaching learning of mathematics.
7. Arrange the steps of learning activities
8. Mention the source / learning media that will be use
9. Determine assesment teaching
If the lesson plan can be implemented well, then learning will be in accordance with the planned.
b. Students worksheet
Worksheet is not collection of problem, but worksheet is a facility from teacher to students so they can construct the formula their selves.
Good worksheet is a worksheet who made by the teacher of mathematics it self and in accordance with a predefined lesson plan.
c. Handout
A handout is something given freely or distributed free. It can refer to materials handed out for presentation purposes or to a charitable gift, among other things.
During the Great Depression, many people lived entirely on handouts of one kind or another. The term became especially popular among hobos, who developed a system of signs and symbols to describe the nature, quantity, and availability of handouts.
In more recent times, the perceived ineffectiveness of simple welfare schemes has given the term a negative connotation. "Give a hand up, not a handout" is a common remark among proponents of workfare or other welfare-to-work systems. As the issue of homelessness has become more visible and controversial, handouts to panhandlers are more often frowned upon by those who believe the behavior encourages homelessness. The term "government handout" is often applied to both welfare systems as well as corporate welfare or pork. The implication is that a handout is unearned and undeserved, unlike a "donation" or "contribution".
Handouts may also refer to short, usually single-page assignments distributed in high school or college.
d. Text book
A textbook or coursebook is a manual of instruction in any branch of study. Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions. Although most textbooks are only published in printed format, many are now available as online electronic books.
Students seek relief from rising prices through the purchase of used copies of textbooks, which tend to be less expensive. Most college bookstores offer used copies of textbooks at lower prices. Most bookstores will also buy used copies back from students at the end of a term if the book is going to be re-used at the school.
Once a textbook is purchased from a retailer for the first time, there are several ways a student can sell his/her textbooks back at the end of the semester. Students can sell to the college/university bookstore, fellow students, or a number of online Web sites or student swap service.
e. Teaching aid
A teaching aid is a tool used by teachers, facilitators, or tutors to help learners improve reading and other skills; illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact, or idea; andrelieve anxiety, fears, or boredom, since many teaching aids are like games.
Used the teacing aids have many purpose , there are : provide variety of activities, provide variety of learning method, provide of context and learning atmosphere, clarify understanding of material.
Obstacles in it’s implementation are need more a lot of time, requires creativity and skill of teacher, requires more cost, requires a commitment of school.
With the use of teaching aid, learning mathematics will be more interest and make students quickly understand the subject being taught.
Conclusion
So, there are a many developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school, that must be done in learning for learning mathematics in accordance with what is expected by the teacher and students can also understand very well. Developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school start from the formal document, approach/design, method, and teacing materials.
Formal document consist of curriculum who have Standarad of competencies, Basic competencies, object, and indicators.
Find innovative learning design is one way to make the students easier receive the lessons. Approach/design consist of constructivist, realistic mathematics, problem based lerning, cooperative, contextual learning.
Some of teaching method are lecture method, discussion method, inquiry method, E-learning method, demonstrasion method, presentation method, teaching aid method, tutorial method, contextual / teaching learning practice.
Teaching materials consist of lesson plan, students worksheet, modul, handout, text book, and teacing aid.
Reference
http://navyadvancement.tpub.com/14146/css/14146_73.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handout
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook
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