Developing and Managing the Design of Innovative Teaching Learning of Mathematics in Junior/ Senior High School

Introduction

Mathematics is a subject that is considered difficult for most students. Difficulties experienced by students is an understanding of concepts. Sustainable concepts in mathematics between the new material with old material sometimes not understood by students. So if teachers teach new material, old material sometimes been forgotten by the students, but such materials are interrelated.

To overcome this problem needed good developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school.

Content

Developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school is really important, because with good developing and managing the teaching learning process would be a good and the purpose of teacing learning of mathematics will be achieved.

            Here is the developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school :

1.      Formal Document

Formal document start from the curriculum who made by Goverment of  Indonesia (GOI). From Goverment of  Indonesia, continued to provincial governments, distric, and school. Curriculum in Indonesia is KTSP, in that curriculum, the learning will be described details and materials through Standarad of competencies, Basic competencies, object,  and indicators.

2.      Approach/Design

Find innovative learning design is one way to make the students easier receive the lessons. Approach/design consist of constructivist, realistic mathematics, problem based lerning, cooperative, contextual learning.

3.      Method

Developing and managing various method of teaching. Method of teaching learning is the way for a teacher tobe acceptable to raise the material to students well.

Some of teaching method are :

a.             Lecture method

Lecture method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher is a center of the class and explain all of the material to the students.

b.             Discussion method

Discussion method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher make same small group of the students and they discuss about some topic and they must present their task.

Discussion  methods  are  effective  in  getting  the trainees to think constructively while interacting with  the  rest  of  the  group.  Conduct  discussions with  large  or  small  groups;  however,  small  groups are  more  desirable.  You  can  control  and  direct a  small  group  more  easily  than  you  can  larger groups  of  10  or  more  trainees.  If  a  group  is extremely  large,  break  it  into  smaller  groups  or teams  with  a  discussion  leader  for  each  team. The  use  of  the  terms  class   discussion   and directed   discussion   in  this  text  refer  to  a method  in  which  you  direct  and  control  the  verbal exchange  of  the  class.  To  use  this  method,  first lay  a  suitable  foundation  for  the  discussion  by asking one or more challenging questions. Then stimulate   the   trainees   to   discuss   the   basic questions;  finally,  guide  the  discussion  to  a  logical conclusion.

c.             Inquiry method

Inquiry can be considered a philosophical approach to teaching ­ teaching any number of subjects, not just science ­ or can be considered a mere method. In the background here, I will discuss the philosophy of inquiry, and in the method, show one step-by-step process for helping you to start your students carrying out their own inquiry activities.

Note the words I have avoided. I have not used the word “experiment”, or the word “laboratory”. A laboratory is a place where an experiment is carried out. A laboratory report is the record of that experiment. An experiment is a contrived situation in which one variable is tested against another. Although much of science research is carried out using experiments, other inquiries are not experiments.

d.             E-Learning method

E-learning method is one of method of teaching learning where learning is done via internet, like blog, e-mail, facebook, twitter, other social network, and some refferences from internet.

e.              Demonstrasion method

Demonstratasion method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher make demonstration about the topic

f.              Presentation method

Presentation method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher present some topic with power point, flash animation, and video.

g.             Teaching aid method

Teaching aid method is one of method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher use teaching aid to explain the topic, so the students will be easier to recive that topic.

h.             Tutorial method

Tutorial method is one of method is one of method of teaching learning where the teacher make same small group of the students, and in this group one of student explain the material to other member at that group.

i.               Contextual / teaching learning practice

Contextual / teaching learning practice is one of method is one of method of teaching learning where the students adnd the tacher practice the material out of the class.

For example : measure tall the building

4.      Teaching Materials

Teaching material consist of :

a.       Lesson Plan

A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction for one class. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class instruction. Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher, subject being covered, and the need and curiosity of children. There may be requirements mandated by the school system regarding the plan.

Many formats for a lesson plan :

1.      Title of lesson.

2.      The teachers should determine the topics to be studied today.

3.      Time required to complete the lesson.

4.      List the teaching materials.

5.      Formulate learning objective.

6.      Choose the method of teaching learning of mathematics.

7.      Arrange the steps of learning activities

8.      Mention the source / learning media that will be use

9.      Determine assesment teaching

If the lesson plan can be implemented well, then learning will be in accordance with the planned.

b.      Students worksheet

Worksheet is not collection of problem, but worksheet is a facility from teacher to students so they can construct the formula their selves.

Good worksheet is a worksheet who made by the teacher of mathematics it self and in accordance with a predefined lesson plan.

c.       Handout

A handout is something given freely or distributed free. It can refer to materials handed out for presentation purposes or to a charitable gift, among other things.

During the Great Depression, many people lived entirely on handouts of one kind or another. The term became especially popular among hobos, who developed a system of signs and symbols to describe the nature, quantity, and availability of handouts.

In more recent times, the perceived ineffectiveness of simple welfare schemes has given the term a negative connotation. "Give a hand up, not a handout" is a common remark among proponents of workfare or other welfare-to-work systems. As the issue of homelessness has become more visible and controversial, handouts to panhandlers are more often frowned upon by those who believe the behavior encourages homelessness. The term "government handout" is often applied to both welfare systems as well as corporate welfare or pork. The implication is that a handout is unearned and undeserved, unlike a "donation" or "contribution".

Handouts may also refer to short, usually single-page assignments distributed in high school or college.

d.      Text book

A textbook or coursebook is a manual of instruction in any branch of study. Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions. Although most textbooks are only published in printed format, many are now available as online electronic books.

Students seek relief from rising prices through the purchase of used copies of textbooks, which tend to be less expensive. Most college bookstores offer used copies of textbooks at lower prices. Most bookstores will also buy used copies back from students at the end of a term if the book is going to be re-used at the school.

Once a textbook is purchased from a retailer for the first time, there are several ways a student can sell his/her textbooks back at the end of the semester. Students can sell to the college/university bookstore, fellow students, or a number of online Web sites or student swap service.

e.       Teaching aid

A teaching aid is a tool used by teachers, facilitators, or tutors to help learners improve reading and other skills; illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact, or idea; andrelieve anxiety, fears, or boredom, since many teaching aids are like games.

Used the teacing aids have many purpose , there are : provide variety of activities, provide variety of learning method, provide of context and learning atmosphere, clarify understanding of material.

Obstacles in it’s implementation are need more a lot of time, requires creativity and skill of teacher, requires more cost, requires a commitment of school.

With the use of teaching aid, learning mathematics will be more interest and make students quickly understand the subject being taught.

Conclusion

So, there are a many developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school, that must be done in learning for learning mathematics in accordance with what is expected by the teacher and students can also understand very well. Developing and managing the design of innovative teaching learning of mathematics in junior/ senior high school start from the formal document, approach/design, method, and teacing materials.

Formal document consist of curriculum who have Standarad of competencies, Basic competencies, object,  and indicators.

Find innovative learning design is one way to make the students easier receive the lessons. Approach/design consist of constructivist, realistic mathematics, problem based lerning, cooperative, contextual learning.

Some of teaching method are lecture method, discussion method, inquiry method, E-learning method, demonstrasion method, presentation method, teaching aid method, tutorial method, contextual / teaching learning practice.

Teaching materials consist of lesson plan, students worksheet, modul, handout, text book, and teacing aid.

Reference

http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/mcvittiej/methods/inquiry.html

http://navyadvancement.tpub.com/14146/css/14146_73.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handout

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbook

The Way Of Mathematics Teaching In The School

Introduction

            We can think or imagination about mathematics. And talking mathematics have same way. This way is like having an imaginaton line that divides between traditional teaching and innovative teaching. In the schools, both of methods are often in teaching learning activities. And they also have different characteristics. What are the characteristic of both methods is that many schools are using it ?

Content (about innovative and traditional learning)

Between traditional teaching and innovative teaching there is an imagination line. There's a line in the world (in our imagination), a world system in which there are things that distinguish between two things. The things in the world include the characteristics, religion, phylosophy, paradigm, theorities, design, scheme, models, program, aktivities, and example.

We know that our self is world, but we need to characteristic to different with other. Only who have a lot of experiences we can find our charactheristic. We are trying to analyse about traditional and innovative teaching. Both the teaching is often applied in the school.

About Innovative Teaching Learning

We have four pillars of education, there are learning to know , learning to do, learning to live together, learning to be. Learning goal of innovative are wisdom (values) , knowledge (internalized), information, and data (discrete). Curriculum need for : facilitator of the learning process, which is individualized and allows time to complete the learning cycles.

Innovative Teaching Methods : Cooperative learning, action research, role play , participate learning, seminar adnd discussion, paper persentation, case studies, projects, field visits, brain stroming, guided self-study, internship.

In innovative teaching, the teacher as a facilitator for the students. The paradigm (system) is construc of knowledge by the students. Moreover, the pros of innovative teaching method in teaching help a lot where there is a centered classroom which is created by the teacher and accepted by the students. In innovative teaching, students are aware of their learning process through the computers. Thus with the help of computers teachers prepare their work in their thumb drive and present it to the class through slides show which is an easier way. And students can do their studying and their work all in the computer without depending 100% on their teacher in schools. Innovative teaching is a long term and the process such as mathematics is students himself.

About Traditional Teaching Learning

  Traditional teaching is concerned with the teacher being the controller of the learning environment. Power and responsibility are held by the teacher and they play the role of instructor (in the form of lectures) and decision maker (in regards to cirriculum content and specific outcomes). They regard students as having 'knowledge holes' that need to be filled with information. In short, the traditional teacher views that it is the teacher that causes learning to occur (Novak, 1998).  

Learning is cheifly associated within the classroom and is often competitive. The lesson's content and delivery are considered to be most important and students master knowledge through drill and practice (such as rote learning). Content need not be learned in context. (Theroux 2002, Johnson &Johnson 1991).

In traditional teaching, the teacher totally control his/her students. The paradigm (system) is transfer of knowledge by the teacher. Traditional lerning still adopts the behaviorism, consider the students as an empty vessel, just as an investment education is not a requirment.

            Conlusion

            So, innovative lerning and traditional learning is totally different. In the schools at our country, the teacher sill predominantly used the traditional lerning because they are sometimes reluctant to make innovations in learning. They prefer to used traditional lerning they think it is easier and less complecated. But if teachers are willing to use innovative learning, the students will not fell bored in mathematics learning and teacing aid because the method used is more diverse, it can help students understand the lesson. Indeed the teaching methods should be balance because it both brings good intentions in educating a person for the better future of everyone. Thus it sends out the same message even in different way but yet it is useful.

            Refereces

http://www.scribd.com/doc/3272989/Innovations-in-Teaching-Learning-Process-Indore

http://rickatz.blogspot.com/2008/04/traditional-teaching-vs-modern-teaching.html

http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2002/environs/scott/tradteac.htm